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Effects on Child
Positive Impacts on Child:
Immunizations are up to date (Herrmann, Van Cleve, Levisen, 1998, p. 435).
The mother's strong verbal communication with her infant correlates with
the child's utilization of social interaction and commentary. (Flanagan,
Coppa, Riggs, Alario, 1994, p. 169-175).
An adolescent with a knowledge base in infant development increases her
self-esteem in providing infant care. (Ruchala and James, 1997, p. 685)
Negative Impacts on Child:
Adolescent mothers have the highest rate of infant mortality, at 9.7 deaths
per 1000 live births (Skinner and Meredith, 1997, p. 139-140).
The mother's lack of verbal communication leads to infants' speech consisting
of mainly demanding and protesting communication (Flanagan, Coppa, Riggs
and Alario, 1994, p. 169-175).
Adolescent mothers have an increased preference for physical punishment,
have insensitivity to infant cues, lack knowledge of child development,
and have an inadequate learning environment in the home (Porter, 1990 as
cited in Thompson, Powell, Patterson and Ellerbee, 1995, p.714).
Adolescent mothers have unrealistic expectations of children's abilities
(Ruchala and James, 1997, p.685).
Young infants of adolescent mothers are more likely to present with various
physical health and developmental problems during their early years (Raver
& Ledbetter, 1995 as cited in Dunham, Hurshman, Litwin, Gusella, Ellsworth
and Dodd, 1998, p.283).
As children grow older, they tend to have more problems in school and are
more likely to display antisocial behaviors (Brook-Gunn & Furstenberg,
1986; Hayes, 1987; Hofferth, 1987 as cited in Dunham et al., 1998, p.283).
There is a higher incidence of child maltreatment and abuse in young families
(Fulton, Murphy, & Anderson, 1991, as cited in Dunham et al., 1998,
p.283).
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: Shannon Bates, Heather R. Gross, Shannon Joyner, Shanda Miller, Ashley
Poe |
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