Berger, A..M., Eilers, J.G., Pattrin, L., Rolf-Fixley, M., Pfeifer, B.A., Rogge, J.A., Wheeler, L.M., Bergstrom, N.I., Heck, C.S. (1996) Advanced Practice Roles for Nurses in Tomorrow's Healthcare Systems. Clinical Nurse Specialist,5, 250.

    American Nurses Association and American Nurses Credentialing Center. (1997). The Roles of Advanced Practice Nurses. [On Line], Available: www.rittenhouse.com/1st_quarter/nurses.html

    American Nurses Association. (1997). Nursing Facts. [On Line], Available: www.nursingworld.org/readroom/fsadvprc.htm
 

 References From CNS Page

American Nurses' Association. (1997) .  Advanced practice nursing: A new age in health care. Available  http://www.nursingworld.org/readroom/fsadvprc.htm

    American Nurses' Associaton. (1986) . The role of the clinical nurse specialist.  Kansas City: The Association.

    American Nurses' Association. (1980) .  Nursing: A social policy statement.  Kansas City: The Association.

     Bakker, D.J., & Vincensi, B.B. (1995).  Economic impact of the CNS:Practioner role.  Clinical Nurse Specialist ,9, 50-53.

    Bradell, J.G., (1994).  Cost-effective and quality of care provided by clinical nurse specialist.  Journal of Psychosocial Nursing, 32, 21-23.

    Fendrick, S.M., Major, A.L. Nursing mothers service: A community breast-feeding program.  Pediatric Nursing, 20, 241-244.

    Fenton, M.V., & Brykczynski, K.A. (1993).  Qualitative distinctions and similarties in the practice of clinical nurse specialists and nurse practioners.  Journal of Professional Nursing, 9, 313-326.

    Keepnews, D. (1998).  New opportunities an challenges for APRNs. American Journal of Nursing, 98, 62-64.

    Hester, L.E., & White, M.J. (1996).  Perceptions of practicing CNSs about their future role.  Clinical Nurse Specialist,10, 190-1

    Lynch, A.M. (August 1, 1996). At the crossroads: We must blend the CNS and the NP roles. Online Journal of Issues in Nursing.  Available http://www.nursingworld.org/ojin/tpc1/tpc1_5.htm.

    Lyon, B.L. (June 15,1996).  Meeting societal needs for CNS competencies: Why the CNS and NP roles should not be blended in masters degree programs.  Online Journal of Issues in Nursing.  Available http://www.nursingworld.org/ojin/tpc1/tpc1_3.htm

     Mathew, L.J., Gutsch, H.M., Hackney, N.W. & Munsat, E.M. (1994).  Promoting quality and cost-effective care to geropsychiatric patients.  Isssues In Mental Health Nursing, 15, 169-185.

    Mirr, M.P. (1995). Legal issues: Licensure and certification, prescriptive priviledges, and reimbursement. In M. Snyder & MP Mirr (Eds.). Advance practice nursing: A guide to professional development. (pp.43). New York, NY: Springer.

    Moeller, D.M., & Haber, J. (August 1, 1996). Advanced practice psychiatric nursing:The need for a blended role.  Online Journal of Issues in Nursing. Available http://www.nursingworld.org/ojin/tpc1/tpc1_7.htm

    Naylor, M., Brooten, D., Jones, R., Lavizzo-Mourey, R., Mezey, M., & Pauly, M.  (1994).  Comprehensive discharge planning for the hospitalized elderly.  Annals of Internal Medicine, 120, 999-1006.

    O'Malley, J., Cummings, S. & King, C.S. (1996).  The politics of advanced practice.  Nursing Administration Quarterly, 20, 62-72.

    Polit, D.F., & Hungler, B.P. (1997). Essentials of nursing research: Methods, appraisal, and utilization. (4th ed.) Philadelphia: Lippincott.

    Price, L.C, & Minarik, P.A. (1999).  Update on federal medicare rules affecting advanced practice nurses. Clinical Nurse Specialist, 13, 90-92.

    Ray, G. L., & Hardin, S. (1995).  Advanced practice nursing:Playing a vital role. Nursing Management, 26, 45-47.

    Sechrist, K. R., & Berlin, L.E. (1998).  Role of the clinical nurse specialist: An integrative review of the literature. AACN: Clinical Issues, 9, 306-324.

    Sparacino, P.S.A. (1995).  Demonstrating CNS impact on patient outcomes.  Clinical Nurse Specialist,9, 240.

    Survey fo certified nurse practioners and clinical nurse specialist: December, 1992. Rockville, MD: Division of Nursing Bureauof Health Professions Health Resources and Services Administration: 1994.

    Topp, R., Tucker, D., & Weber, C. (1998).  Effect of a clinical case manager/clinical nurse specialist on patients hospitalized with congestive heart failure.  Nursing Case Management, 3, 140- 145.

    U.S. Office of Technological Assessment. (1986). Nurse practioners, physicians assisstants, and certified midwives: A policy analysis. (Health Technology Case Study 37). Washington, DC; Author.
 

References From CNM Page

 American College of Nurse Midwives. (1997). Midwifery education introduction. [on line], available: http://acnm.org/educ/doaintro.htm

    American College of Nurse Midwives. (1989). ACNM philosophy. [on line], available: http://www.acnm.org/about/philosop.htm

    American College of Nurse Midwives. (1993). Professional information standards for the practice of nurse-midwifery. [on line], available: http://acnm.org/prof/standard.htm

    American Nurses Association. (1993, January).  Executive summary: A meta-analysis of process of care, clinical outcomes, and cost effectiveness of nurses in primary care roles: Nurse Practitioners and Nurse-Midwives.

    Brown, Grimes. (1995). A meta-analysis of nurse practitioners and nurse midwives in primary care.  Nursing Research, Nov-Dec 44(6). p.332-339.

    Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (1998). New Study Shows Lower Mortality Rates for Infants Delivered By Certified Nurse Midwives. [on line], available: http://www.cdc.gov/nchswww/releases/98news/98news/midwife.htm

    Midwifery Today. (1995). Choosing a Certified Nurse-Midwifery Program. [on line], available: http://www.efn.org/~djz/birth/MT/education/cnmprog.html

    Nursing Facts. (1993). Advanced Practice Nursing: A New Age in Health Care. [on line], available: http://www.nursingworld.org/readroom/fsadvprc.htm

    Stone, P.W., Walker, P.H.  (1997).  Clinical and cost outcomes of a free-standing birth center: a comparison study.  Clinical Excellence for Nurse Practitioner, Nov. 1(7).  p.456-465.
 

References From CRNA Page

American Association of Nurse Anesthetists. (1999). Cost Effectiveness of Nurse Anesthesia Practice.
     [On-line].  Available: http://www.aana.com/library/costeffect.asp

          American Association of Nurse Anesthetists. (1999). History of Nurse Anesthetists. [On-line]. Available:
     http://www.aana.com/library/history.asp

          American Association of Nurse Anesthetists. (1999). Nurse Anesthesia Education. [On-line]. Available:
     http://www.aana.com/library/naeducation.asp

          American Association of Nurse Anesthetists. (1999). Quality of Care in Anesthesia. [On-line]. Available:
     http://www.aana.com/library/qualityofcare.asp

          American Association of Nurse Anesthetists. (1999). Quality of Nurse Anesthesia Practice. [On-line].
     Available: http://www.aana.com/library/quality.asp

          Bankert, M. (1989). Watchful Care: A History of America's Nurse Anesthetists. New York: Continuum.

          Forrest, WH. (1980). Outcome - The Effect of the Provider. Health Care Delivery in Anesthesia. (Chapter 15, pp.137-142). Philadelphia: George F. Stickley Company.

         Health Care Financing Administration. B-98-2. (1998)

         Minnesota Department of Health. ( Jan 1995). Anesthesia Practices Study. St. Paul Minnesota: Minnesota
     Department of Health.
 

References From NP Page

   American Nurses Association.(1997).  Nursing facts. [on line], available: http://www.nursingworld.org/readroom/fsadvprc.htm

    Feldman, M.J., Ventura, M.R., & Crosby, F. (1987) Studies of Nurse Practitioner Effectiveness. Nursing-Research,36, 303-308.

    McGrath, S. (1990) The Cost Effectiveness Of Nurse Practitioners. Nurse Practitioner, 15, 40-41.

    Schmitt, M. (1994). Nurse Practitioners’ Research Review: Quality of Care. Nurse Practitioner, 19, 17,21.