The Problem of Adolescent Smoking

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Reasons to smoke or not to smoke

Marketing of smoking

Short-term Effects of smoking

Long-term Effects of smoking

Prevention of smoking

Behavior Modifications for smokers

References

Bibliography

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References

Akers, R, Lee, G. (1996). A longitudinal test of social learning

     theory: adolescent smoking. Journal of Drug Issues, 26(2),

     317-344.

“The purpose of this study is to report finding from research testing a social learning theory of substance use with longitudinal data on adolescent smoking” (Akers, 1996).

Band, P.R., Le, N.D., Fang, R., Deschamps, M. (2002).

     Carcinogenic and endocrine distrupting effects of cigarette

     smoke and risk of breast cancer. Lancet, 360,1044-1050.

Biener, L, Aseltine, R, et al. (1998). Reactions of adult and

     teenaged smokers to the Massachusetts tobacco tax.

     American Journal of Public Health,88(9), 1389-1391.

“This study assessed smokers’ reactions to a 25 cents cigarette tax imposed in Massachusetts” (Biener, 1998).

Bower, B. (1997). Teens show sex-linked pull to cigarettes.

     Science News,152(26), 391.

“This study examined the different traits predispose young men and women to start smoking cigarettes” (Bower, 1997).

Coleman-Wallace, D., Lee, J., Montgomery, S., Blix, G., Wang,

     D.(1999). Evaluation of developmentally appropriate

     programs for adolescent tobacco cessation. Journal of

     School Health, 69, 314-320.

“With lack of published literature concerning effective, developmentally appropriate programs for adolescent tobacco cessation, school administrators may be reluctant to commit time and limited resources to provide smoking cessation programs. The study addressed this need by conducting a quatitative and a qualitative evaluation of two adolescent programs” (Coleman-Wallace, 1999).

Ellickson, P.L., McGuigan, K.A., (2000). Early predictors of

     adolescent violence. American Journal of Public Health, 90,

     566.

Early Predictors of Adolescent Violence.  “This study is sought to identify early predictors of adolescent violence and to assess whether they vary by sex and across different types and levels of violence (Ellickson, 2000).

Farrelly, M, Healton, C, Davis, K, Messeri, P, Hersey, J,

     Haviland, M. (2002). Getting to the truth: evaluating

     national tobacco countermarketing campaigns. American

     Journal of Public Health, 92, 901-908.

“This study examines how the American Legacy Foundation’s “truth” campaign and Phillip Morris’s “Think. Don’t Smoke campaign have influenced youths’ attitudes, beliefs, and intentions toward tobacco.  Whereas exposure to the “truth” campaign positively changed youths’ attitudes toward tobacco, the Phillip Morris campaign had a counterproductive influence” (Farrelly,2002).

Gidwani, Pradeep, Sobol, Arthur, Gortmaker, Steven, DeJong,

     William, Perrin, James. (2002). Television viewing and

     initiation of smoking among youth. Pediatrics,110(3), 505-

     509.

“The objective of this study is to determine whether youth with greater exposure to television viewing exhibit higher rates of smoking initiation” (Gidwani, 2002).

Hu, T. Teenage smoking, attempt to quit, and school

     performance. American Journal of Public Health, 88, 940-

     943.

“This study examined the relationship between school performance, smoking, and quitting attempts among teenagers” (Hu, 1998).

Lagois, M.A, Petosa, R, & Hallam, J. (1999). Why do effective

     smoking prevention programs work? Student changes in

     social cognitive theory constructs. Journal of School

     Health, 69, 326-332.

“Presents a study which tested the construct validity of an effective psychosocial smoking prevention curriculum on the mediating variables considered responsible for decreasing adolescent initiation of cigarette smoking.  This study documented high preprogram scores for behavioral capability to resist positive images of smoking and refusal skill-efficacy”  (Langlois, 1999).

Lorente, C., Cordier, S., Goujard, J., Ayme, S., Bianchi, F.,

     Calzolari, E., De Walle, H.E.K., Knill-Jones, R. (2000).

     Tobacco and alcohol use during pregnancy and risk of oral

     clefts. American Journal of Public Health, 90, 415-420.

Marteau, T.M., Rana, S., Kubba, A. (2002). Smoking and

     cervical cancer: a qualitative study of the explanatory

     models of smokers with cervical abnormalities. Psychology,

     Health, and Medicine, 7, 107-109.

Miller, M., Hemenway, D., Rimm, E. (2000). Cigarettes and

     suicide: a prospective study of 50,000 men. American

     Journal of Public Health,90, 768-773.

Proescholdbell, R.J., Chassin, L & Mackinnon, D. (2000). Home

      smoking restrictions and adolescent smoking. Nicotine &

      Tobacco Research,2,159-168.

“The current study adds to the literature by testing for a unique effect of home smoking policy, differentiating between trying and current regular smoking, including both middle school-and high school-aged participants, and considering multiple levels of home smoking policy.  Restrictive home smoking policies were significantly associated with former smoking or quitting among high school students” (Proescholdbell, 2000).

Sargent JD. (2001). Does parental disapproval of smoking

     prevent adolescents from becoming established smokers?

     Pediatrics, 108, 784-792.

“To evaluate the hypothesis that adolescents are less likely to smoke if their parents voice strong disapproval of smoking.”  Parents can do a lot to prevent their adolescents from smoking”  (Sargent, 2001).

Seguire, M, Chalmers, K. (2000). Late adolescent female

     smoking. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 31, 1422-1430.

"The aims of this study were to expolore the smoking patterns and processes of late adolescent females and to explore factors which may or may not be helpful in assisting them to stop smoking” (Seguire, 2000).

Siegel, M, Biener, L. (2000). The impact of an antismoking

     media campaign on progression to established smoking:

     results of a longitudinal youth study. American Journal of

     Public Health, 90, 380-387.

This study “examined the impact of a statewide antismoking media campaign on progression to established smoking among Massachusetts adolescents.”  Their results “suggest that the television component of the Massachusetts antismoking media campaign may have reduced the rate of progression to established smoking among young adolescents  (Siegel 2000).

Siegel, M, Biener, L. (2000). Tobacco marketing an adolescent

      smoking: more support for a casual inference. American

      Journal of Public Health,90, 407-412.

“This prospective study examined the effect of tobacco marketing on progression to established smoking.  Participation in tobacco marketing often precedes, and is likely to facilitate, progression to established smoking.  Hence, restrictions on tobacco marketing and promotion could reduce addiction to tobacco” (Biener, 2000).

 Ward, T. (2001). Using psychological insights to help people

       quit smoking. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 34, 754-760.

“This paper sets out to evaluate the possibility that smoking cessation interventions which make use of current psychological theories and constructs can be more successful than programs based largely on nicotine replacement therapy and will be more satisfying to participants” (Ward, 2001).