The Problem of Adolescent Smoking

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Reasons to smoke or not to smoke

Marketing of smoking

Short-term Effects of smoking

Long-term Effects of smoking

Prevention of smoking

Behavior Modifications for smokers

References

Bibliography

Related Links

Bibliography

An, L.C., O’Malley, P.M., Schulenberg, J.E., Backman, J.G.,

     Johnston, L.D.,(1999). Changes at the high end of risk in

     cigarette smoking among high school seniors. American

     Journal of Public Health, 89. 699.

Changes at the….. “This study identified high school seniors at low, moderate, and high risk for cigarette use to examine changes in the prevalence of daily smoking within risk groups from 1976-1995(An, 1999).

Blum, R.W., Beuhring, T, Shew, M.L., Bearinger, L, Sieving, R.E.,

     Resnick, M.D. (2000). The effects of race/ethnicity, income,

     and family structure on adolescent risk behaviors. American

     Journal of Public Health, 90, 1879.

The Effects of Race/Ethnicity… “The study examined the unique and combined contributions of race/ethnicity, income, and family structure to adolescent cigarette smoking, alcohol use, and involvement with violence, suicidal thoughts or attempts, and sexual intercourse (Blum, 2000).

Booth-Butterfield, M, Anderson, R, Booth-Butterfield, S. (2000).

     Adolescents’ use of tobacco, health locus of control and self

     monitoring. Health Communication, 12,137-149.

“This study examined the association of the traits, health locus of control, and self-monitoring with adolescents’ tobacco uptake” (Booth-Butterfield, 2000).

Coller, M, Harrison, G, McInnes, M. (2002). Evaluating the tobacco

     settlement damage awards: too much or not enough?

     American Journal of Public Health, 90, 566.

Evaluating the Tobacco Settlement Damage….  “This study compared the present economic value of the 1998 tobacco settlement with the present economic value of the damages attributable to tobacco (Coller, 2002).

Feit, M. (2001). Exposure of adolescent girls to cigar images in

     women’s magazines. American Journal of Public Health, 91,

     286 -289.

“This study assessed the exposure of adolescent girls to cigar images in women’s magazines from 1992 to 1998. Among advertisements, nearly all those that featured cigars promoted nontobacco products; advertisements featuring cigarettes overwhelmingly promoted tobacco products” (Feit, 2001).

Hartland, J., (1998). Smoke free policies in schools: a qualitative

     investigation of the benefits and barriers. Health Education

     Journal, 57,51-59.

This study was about various smoke-free policies that can be implemented in schools.  The polices could help students reframe from smoking.  A qualitative investigation of the benefits and barriers were analyzed (Hartland, 1998).

Malone, R, Bero, L. (May 2000). Cigars, youth and the internet 

     link. American Jounral of Public Health, 90, 790-793.

“This study examined the accessibility and appeal to youth of cigar marketing sites on the Internet.  The unregulated promotion of cigars on the Internet has the potential to attract youth, and there are few barriers to Internet tobacco purchases by minors” (Malone, 2000).

Ringel, J.S., Evans, W., Cigarette taxes and smoking during

     pregnancy. (2001). American Journal of Public Health, 91,

     1851.

Cigarette taxes and smoking…..”This study sought to estimate how changes in state cigarette excise taxes affect the smoking behavior of pregnant women (Ringel 2001).”

Vaughn, C, Long, W. (1999). Surrender to win: how adolescent

     drug and alcohol users change their lives. Adolescence, 34,

     133-142.

“The present phenomenological study investigated the uniqueness and complexity of adolescent recover, particularly the early years and events catalyzing the surrender process” (Vaughn, 1999).

Wakefield, MA. (2000). Effect of restrictions on smoking t home,

     at school, and in public places on teenage smoking: cross

     sectional study. British Medical Journal, 321, 333-337.

This study examined the relationship between school performance, smoking, and quitting attempts among teenagers.  Developing academic or remedial classes designed to improve students’ school performance may lead to a reduction in smoking rates among teenagers while simultaneously providing a human capital investment in their futures (Wakefield, 2000).

You, R.X., Thrift, A.G., McNeil, J.J. Davis, S.M., Donnan, G.A.,

     (1999). Ischemic stroke risk and passive exposure to spouses’

     cigarette smoking. American Journal of  Public Health, 89,

     572-576.